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1. DeZwarteRidder 17 november 2014 16:43

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   Globalstar TLPS - You're Kidding, Right?
   Nov. 17, 2014 9:00 AM ET | 2 comments | About: Globalstar, Inc. (GSAT)
   
   Disclosure: The author has no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. (More...)
   Summary
   
   Globalstar has requested exclusive rights to Wi-Fi channel 14 (2.473 – 2.495 GHz), in hopes of building a managed service they call TLPS.
   Due to inexperience in enterprise and carrier Wi-Fi markets, Globalstar's TLPS technology proposals are misguided, have minimal technical merit, and could potentially harm the Wi-Fi industry at large.
   Globalstar's marketing of their proposed TLPS service is over-stated, technically inaccurate in many areas, and offers self-contradicting technology assertions.
   
   Globalstar TLPS: You're Kidding, Right?
   
   Devin K. Akin, CEO
   
   Divergent Dynamics, Inc.
   
   DivDyn.net / +1.404.437.6006
   Globalstar TLPS: You're Kidding, Right?
   
   Globalstar is lobbying hard with the FCC for its Terrestrial Low Power Service (TLPS). After reviewing publicly available materials (presentations, webinars), I have concluded that, despite Globalstar's posturing, the "TLPS solution" has reasonable applicability only in a very small set of use cases. The core idea is technically unsound and makes little sense.
   What's the Big Idea?
   
   Most of us are familiar with the old saying "follow the money." If you really want to understand Globalstar's motives, that's exactly what you have to do. If Globalstar gains exclusive access to the requested spectrum (2.473 - 2.495 GHz), and the FCC doesn't put some severe technical limitations on its use, Globalstar will use it for whatever they like - without consideration for others. They are proposing a one-channel Wi-Fi infrastructure (Wi-Fi's Channel 14) and want their own private spectrum to do it. Globalstar initially requested exclusive rights to 22MHz of spectrum citing possible use for LTE and various other unspecified technologies. The FCC seems not to have responded to that request.
   
   Globalstar's next request for the exclusive use of this spectrum, seemingly in an attempt to leverage Wi-Fi's global popularity, was called "Globalstar s New Wi-Fi Super Highway" and is proposed to use standard Wi-Fi access points. Perhaps Globalstar's team was trying to take a page out Yoplait's strategy playbook.
   
   Important Note: Since Globalstar is proposing to offer global services within the channel 14 region of spectrum, it's important to note that some countries only allow specific modulation types within certain frequency ranges. For example, Japan only allows 802.11b (DSSS & HR/DSSS with BPSK) in channel 14. It's unclear whether unlocking channel 14 on client devices would yield anything better than 802.11b (now obsolete) in some regulatory domains.
   
   There seems to be no doubt that a one-channel, Wi-Fi based offering is their goal, as in recent comments to the FCC, Globalstar states:
   
   TLPS operations on Channel 14 are clearly consistent with the IEEE 802.11 standard, which provides for the use of Channel 14 at 2473-2495 MHz and thirteen other 22 megahertz channels across the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
   
   Globalstar made an amazingly inaccurate statement in their original presentation:
   
   …with Spectral Efficiency Many Times That of Public 802.11 Applications.
   
   Not so fast, fellas... The Spectral Efficiency of public Wi-Fi channels in most locations is amazingly high. The non-overlapping channels of 1, 6, and 11 are used almost everywhere, nearly around the clock, to the point where near-saturation is often the norm. Efficiency isn't just about reducing overhead, but also about maximizing use. How long would it take Globalstar to build a global customer base that could produce spectral use to rival 15+ years of public Wi-Fi sprawl? Eons.
   Realistic Use Cases?
   
   One thing that TLPS may have going for it would be its low barrier-to-entry in terms of getting support from user devices. Nearly all smart phones, tablets, and computers manufactured since the early 2000s have had 2.4GHz radios embedded. Globalstar is banking on the fact that a large percentage of these mobile devices will be software upgradable/unlockable such that they can use channel 14. The same client devices, having the same embedded 2.4GHz (or dual-band) radios, are manufactured for global use in most cases. The only difference between devices shipped to various global regions is the software drivers that lock and unlock the available channels depending on the regulatory requirements of the region where they are being sold. To summarize, manufacturers only need to update their chipset drivers to unlock channel 14. This approach could, however, be stymied by hardware filtering on the client device. If the filter device starts its filtering at frequencies below channel 14, the device user is out of luck.
   The Basic Problem: A One-Lane Road Is Not A Super Highway!
   
   Such a small swath of spectrum will not support effective channel reuse, which is the single most important driver of Wi-Fi spectrum capacity. Globalstar is pitching a one-lane road as a super highway, and regardless of how clean channel 14 may be in any physical or geographic area, there is only one way that such a super highway assertion could be applicable: highly-distributed environments like in-home femto cells where Access Points on channel 14 would be less likely interfere with themselves.
   
   Scaling a one-channel offering would be very difficult, if not impossible, in multi-tenant buildings (commercial or residential) and most corporate environments, due to co-channel contention. A borderline viable use case might be to move ALL enterprise Wi-Fi users to 5GHz and then configure all 2.4GHz access point radios to channel 14 for low-bandwidth, application-specific use (e.g. Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi), Wi-Fi based location-tracking services such as Ekahau and AeroScout, bar code scanners, and similar). The primary issue with that approach is that there would be no radios for 2.4GHz-only devices on channels 1-13 without implementing two separate infrastructures (aka an overlay design, discussed below).
   
   2.4GHz frequencies penetrate obstacles quite well, which causes them to often be in contention with themselves (non-WiFi interferers left for another discussion) in any kind of uncoordinated, contention-based system such as when using the IEEE 802.11 protocol. Contention avoidance comes only by very careful design, deployment, and testing, which Globalstar could have no intention of doing due to the overwhelming costs of large numbers of highly-trained field engineers.
2. DeZwarteRidder 17 november 2014 16:47

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   seekingalpha.com/article/2683645-glob...
3. DeZwarteRidder 13 januari 2015 18:25

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   Globalstar: LightSquared Filing Reinforces Worthlessness Of GSAT's 1.6GHz Band
   Jan. 13, 2015 9:15 AM ET | 5 comments | About: Globalstar, Inc. (GSAT)
   
   Disclosure: The author is short GSAT. (More...)
   Summary
   
   Moelis assigns no value to the uplink band closest to GPS frequencies.
   Since Globalstar’s 1.6GHz spectrum is even closer to GPS than LightSquared’s, its worthlessness for terrestrial purposes is all the more assured.
   Nothing has altered the reality that TLPS is an overhyped non-solution to a non-problem – a conclusion increasingly endorsed by Wi-Fi industry observers.
   
   ---------
   Thus Moelis's LightSquared analysis actually supports the consensus view, which we share, that Globalstar's 1.6GHz MSS band is unfit for terrestrial purposes. Worse yet, the FCC is still considering Iridium's proposal for a reallocation of MSS spectrum that would result in Iridium gaining some and Globalstar losing some. If the FCC accepts this proposal (as it has in the past with similar Iridium proposals), then Globalstar will be in an even worse position to monetize its spectrum. This is no long shot: Globalstar's creditors are concerned enough about the risk that Globalstar loses spectrum to have publicly expressed their worries on multiple occasions, as recently as late November.
   
   To be sure, these considerations apply only to Globalstar's 1.6GHz spectrum, not the 2.4GHz spectrum that would be used by TLPS. Nothing has altered the reality that TLPS is an overhyped non-solution to a non-problem - a conclusion increasingly endorsed by Wi-Fi industry observers. If Globalstar shareholders now think that developments in the LightSquared bankruptcy will bail them out, they are in for a rude awakening. Instead, they would do well to study LightSquared's history and remind themselves how frequently others' spectrum dreams have been dashed by regulatory uncertainty and bad business plans.
   
   seekingalpha.com/article/2815225-glob...
4. [verwijderd] 1 juli 2015 10:55

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